![]() ![]() under the leadership of the now-titled Sargon the Great. The Akkadian Empire existed from 2234-2154 B.C. ![]() They were briefly allies, conquering the city of Kish together, but Lugalzagesi’s mercenary Akkadian army was ultimately loyal to Sargon. ![]() King Lugalzagesi was the final king of Sumer, falling to Sargon of Akkad, a Semitic people, in 2334 B.C. For when the gods created man, they let death be his share, and life withheld in their own hands." When his friend is slain, Gilgamesh goes on a quest to discover the secret of eternal life, finding: "Life, which you look for, you will never find. In the epic poem, Gilgamesh goes on an adventure with a friend to the Cedar Forest, the land of the Gods in Mesopotamian mythology. The Epic of Gilgamesh is considered to be the earliest great work of literature and the inspiration for some of the stories in the Bible. Gilgamesh is believed to have been born in Uruk around 2700 B.C. 2010.Gilgamesh, the legendary subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh, is said to be Lugalbanda’s son. Gods and Goddesses of the Ancient Maya by Leonard Everett Fisher.Great Civilizations: The Aztec Empire by Sheila Wyborny.Aztec, Inca, and Maya an Eyewitness Book by Elizabeth Baquedano.The empire was already severely weakened by civil war and diseases such as smallpox when Pizarro arrived. The Inca were conquered by the Spanish and conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1533. At its height, the Inca Empire had an estimated population of over 10 million people. Pachacuti created the Inca Empire which the Inca called the Tawantinsuyu. The Inca expanded into a great empire under the reign of Pachacuti. The city of Cuzco would remain the capital of the empire as it expanded in the coming years. He founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200 AD. The emperor of the Inca was known as the Sapa Inca. This wide ranging empire did not have the wheel, iron tools, or a writing system, but its complex government and system of roads created a society where everyone had a job, a home, and something to eat. The Inca Empire was centered in Peru and ruled over much of the west coast of South America from the 1400s to the time of the Spanish arrival in 1532. The golden age of the Maya civilization occurred during what is called the Classic Period from 250 AD to 900 AD. They also excelled in mathematics, art, architecture, and astronomy. The Maya were the only American civilization to develop an advanced written language. They built pyramids to their gods that towered hundreds of feet tall above the jungle. The Maya are perhaps best known today for their many pyramids. They built hundreds of cities filled with large stone structures. The Maya were located in Central America in a region that is today made up of southern Mexico, the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, and northern El Salvador. Over the course of Maya history, different city-states came into power such as El Mirador, Tikal, Uxmal, Caracol, and Chichen Itza. The Maya were organized into powerful city-states. The Maya civilization began as early as 2000 BC and continued to have a strong presence in Mesoamerica for over 3000 years until the Spanish arrived in 1519 AD. They tore down much of the city of Tenochtitlan and built their own city on the site called Mexico City. By 1521 the Spanish had conquered the Aztecs. In 1519 Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes arrived in Mexico. They felt that something bad was going to happen. Around 1517 the priests of the Aztecs began to see omens of doom. The Empire reached its height under the rule of Tlatoani Montezuma I. The Aztec called their ruler the Tlatoani. It had causeways built to get to the mainland and aqueducts to bring fresh water into the city. The rest of the city was planned out in a grid-like fashion and divided up into districts. At the center of the city was a large temple complex with pyramids and a palace for the king. At the height of its power, the city likely had a population of 200,000 people. This city was founded in 1325 on an island in Lake Texcoco. ![]() The capital city of the Aztec Empire was Tenochtitlan. They built large pyramids as temples to their gods and went to war to capture people they could sacrifice to their gods. Much of the Aztec society centered around their religion and gods. It ruled much of the region from the 1400s until the Spanish arrived in 1519. The Aztec Empire was located in central Mexico. Map of Aztec, Mayan, and Incan Civilizations ![]()
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